child marriage in yemen 2020

“We are seeing a growing number of families resorting to harmful coping mechanisms such as begging, child labor, and marrying of children to survive,” Charlie Yaxley, UNHCR spokesman said at a virtual briefing, according to Reuters. , MCGONAGLE A. The idea of ‘readiness’ encompassed whatever participants believed made children sufficiently prepared to run a household and/or support a family. Yemen five years on: Children, conflict and COVID-19 warns that unless US$54.5 million is received for health and nutrition services by the end of August, more than 23,000 children with severe acute malnutrition will be at increased risk of dying; there will be shortages on the children's immunization, and 19 million people will lose access to healthcare, including one million pregnant and . Sign in to start taking action. 0000072109 00000 n 2017). ��Ag� f���xs,�x�8_��ɠ�ׁ�3��I#��&)�%>f�I�X��z0o�t�m��� ��T��#��&3H:��i� vv*�fq��1p)F�~����P�re�ԅ*:` b�I� endstream endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 62 0 R/Trans<>/Type/Page>> endobj 73 0 obj <> endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj [/ICCBased 88 0 R] endobj 76 0 obj <>stream These threats could come from children themselves, as fathers expressed a fear that their sons and daughters might ‘deviate,’ a term usually referring to premarital romantic or sexual behaviour. 2003; UNICEF 2019). This book provides an overview of the underlying problems in delivering services to rural regions. Unmarried adolescents aged 15–17 gave assent and parental permission was obtained on their behalf. 0000330620 00000 n Front and back cover: Children playing and participating in activities in a child friendly space in the Central African Republic. , THOMPSON L. Yemen remains the world's largest humanitarian crisis and aid operation. Found inside – Page 1Explores the experiences of women in Somalia and how they have survived the trauma of war. However, this relationship is complex and merits further investigation. Deutsche Welle May 11, 2020. The wealth index created through principal component analysis was heavily right skewed, showing many of the households were living at a lower socioeconomic status (SES), with IDPs at a lower average SES status than host communities (−0.69 and 0.54, respectively). 2003; Lemmon and ElHarake 2014; Loaiza and Wong 2014). Comparing current child marriage with the percentage of displaced women aged 20–24 married before age 18 (17.0%) suggests a potential increase in rates of child marriage for the younger cohort. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between child marriage and various risk factors. $(function() { Transcripts were coded and the codebook adapted as necessary during an initial open coding phase. Metadata Show full item record. Nada will talk about the current human rights situation in Yemen, and what we can do, as global citizens, to end child marriage. Results also showed that the exacerbating effect of displacement on economic security was an important factor in decision-making. Published by Oxford University Press. These concerns are validated by reports that show sexual harassment and violence have increased in Yemen and other displacement settings (Lemmon 2014; OCHA 2015; UNFPA 2015; Oxfam 2016; Mourtada et al. In 2015, the SLC took control of Aden and declared it their capital. In Scotland, 16-year-olds do not . It has killed and injured tens of . The advantage of this measurement is that it is a global standard and child marriage in humanitarian settings can be compared readily to national or sub-national data across the globe. Sampling at the cluster level was done by selecting starting points at district central locations and proceeding in a randomly selected direction, choosing the next nearest house that met study eligibility until the targeted cluster number was achieved. Found insideEvery year, the World Bank’s World Development Report (WDR) features a topic of central importance to global development. Yemen's transitional authorities have failed to seriously address child marriage, Human Rights Watch said. An estimated 14.2 million girls a year will become child brides by 2020 if nothing changes. No matter where, Save the Children UK is finding new ways to reach children who need us most. I have a long life and a dream in front of me", a 14-year-old young girl from Bangladesh . These governorates were selected due to their geographical (Figure 1) and cultural representation, concentration of IDPs, and accessibility to research. Her role as a mother is seen as paramount, even though adolescent girls described an inability to properly care for children at such a young age. A 2017 UNICEF study found that 32% of women aged 20–24 were married before age 18 and 9% were married before age 15 (UNICEF and ICRW 2017). Some key informants were aware of the lack of any law specifying the legal minimum age for marriage, but most FGD participants either shared incorrect information or expressed a lack of awareness. Since the war there began in 2014, thousands of civilians have been killed or injured and air strikes and ground operations have destroyed hospitals, schools and critical infrastructure. The COVID-19 crisis is weakening the country’s health care systems even further as the virus continues to spread, according to UNHCR. v3Styles: true, For boys, it was more often stated in reference to completing their education and having a source of income. showDescription: false, In some places, child marriage is a . Increased age (AOR = 1.95, CI: 1.74–2.19), never attending school (AOR = 3.94, CI: 2.22–7.00) and a female adult being unemployed (AOR = 2.84, CI: 1.28–6.27) correspond to an increased odds of girls being currently married as a child. The two indicators used in this study are: the proportion of people aged 20–24 who were married before age 18 and before age 15; and the proportion of adolescents aged 10–19 who are currently married. Yemen's human rights minister wants child marriage outlawed after an 8-year-old girl reportedly died of internal injuries that she suffered on her wedding night. Head of household unemployment (aOR=0.58) and completed higher education (aOR=0.42) showed decreased odds. Despite being prohibited by international law, it continues to rob millions of girls under 18 around the world of their childhood. (, MALHOTRA A. Second, our sample of 20–24-year-olds was low due to our focus on households with 10–19-year-olds, which preserved our ability to examine the proximate effect of displacement on child marriage. Child marriage is a growing problem for Syrian girls living in refugee communities throughout Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. The UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to End Child Marriage has been implemented since 2016 across Africa, the Middle East and South Asia in 12 of the highest-prevalence and/or high-burden countries: Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Yemen and Zambia. %PDF-1.5 %���� In 2014, the Houthis took over Ibb governorate, and has since been a ‘hotbed of infighting’ (ACLED 2019). Key informants were identified by UNFPA research partners using purposive sampling. H��VMk1�ϯ���lC1d� ���@%��RJɶ���P��ь=۴�b9�'�IOޗ�E'�P�@�X�_.�����_Ç����FI�V(�\�AIC��Kk$kqݙ������I�(�.Q��UR�>/���z^, P-h��Ƀ���UI*�2h�-��b��9H��ZّG�k��8�ޛ�Jh1~�2Fr�|(L ��^�B����R����P�TrVː�:�`��� 1N'{OP��M>����D�GL.Y���36?3�������m�9'�Xs� �X�>��%n�4~���8�ϟr@�M}��6���@ś���fE7d��R��>�k Bivariate analysis confirms that females had about five times greater odds of being married than males of the same age (OR = 5.38, CI: 3.85, 7.51). These perceived marriage roles were pervasive among adolescents themselves, as one adolescent male expressed: ‘The man is jealous of the woman who is educated while he is not. Nada's determination to keep fighting for Children's Rights won her the admiration of many, and garnered International support for her cause. Additionally, the perceived significance of health impacts was different for boys and girls. The household survey was modelled after Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) with added questions to ascertain characteristics of the head of household (HH), perceptions of child marriage, social norms, and exposure to structured interventions around child marriage (Central Statistical Organization [Yemen] 2013). Qualitative interviews included focus group discussions (FGDs) with adults and adolescents from host and IDP populations, as well as key informant interviews (KIIs) with local officials. We then present findings on how displacement has affected these perceptions. We helped . Girls who are married young also have a greater risk of adverse health experiences, as they are more likely to give birth as adolescents and thus have a high risk of pregnancy complications and maternal mortality (Haberland et al. Additionally, advocacy efforts should focus on enacting the proposed changes to marriage laws and continue to engage women as was done during the National Dialogue Conference in 2014 (USAID 2014). The prevalence rates for 20–24-year-olds in this study are lower than recent UNICEF child marriage data from Yemen, which indicate 32% were married before age 18 and 9% were married before age 15 (UNICEF and ICRW 2017). Child marriages are most often seen in Al-Jawf and Al-Baidha governorates where 8-year-old Yemeni bride is normal happening. Whether they're at risk of child marriage, dangerous work or being recruited as a child soldier - we're there. Due to the finding in bivariate analysis that girls are significantly more likely to be married than boys, separate regressions were performed for boys and girls. Child marriage prevalence was estimated using several key indicators. Although historically even in many Western countries, it wasnʼt unusual for young girls to be married off to elderly men, these countries have … 0000002250 00000 n Lastly, we examine the consequences of child marriage identified by participants and how they were explored using a participatory ranking methodology. Some programs have had success in the region already, including the ‘Safe Age of Marriage’ program in Yemen that focused on changing social norms by increasing community awareness and praising positive changes (Freij 2009). Found insideThis report from the Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of Commons (HCP 282, session 2007-08, ISBN 9780215521675), focuses on regional accountability. Once married, child brides fair worse than their unmarried counterparts, especially in humanitarian settings where their vulnerability to intimate partner violence and childbirth complications are heightened. Absent data on child marriage prevalence within displaced populations, a prevalence of 50% was presumed to maximize sample size. , LLOYD C. Marriage, and Registration of Marriages (Child Marriage Convention) on February 9, 1987 with no reservations, there is currently no legal age of marriage in Yemen. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, teenagers can wed at 16 with parental consent. Sometimes the marriage age depends on religious affiliation. Though the factors that affected decision making were similar among IDPs and hosts, it was readily apparent that these factors were exacerbated for IDPs who were facing unique challenges from displacement. Early marriage has crippled girls' education in Yemen. We also used data from focus groups (n=411) and key informant interviews (n=30) to explore community perspectives and understand contextual factors relating to child marriage. Her only choice is the husband or the grave.’—FGD with male adults from host community, While this statement is explicit, other participants also alluded to this belief by describing their fear that girls may never get married and marrying them off early ensures their futures. Thus, marriage was defined as formal or informal union to ensure inclusion of all types of marriages occurring in this context. Child marriage is on the rise in Yemen due to the COVID-19 crisis, UNHCR, the United Nations refugee agency, said on Tuesday. An extraordinary case of child marriage in Yemen has highlighted the rising number of forced, underage weddings. After displacement, we need the money more than before to relieve the burdens on the fathers.’ – Host female adolescent. Most schools in the . This suggests that conflict and displacement exacerbate pre-existing drivers of child marriage. While Sana’a is considered the capital of Yemen under the constitution, it is under the territorial control of the Houthi-backed Supreme Political Council. Of that number of girls aged under … This report examines the scale of child, early and forced marriage (CEFM) in fragile and conflict-affected states. 0000007386 00000 n In Sudan, girls can marry at 10 and boys can marry at 15 or at puberty. Thus, financial pressure was highly ranked due to its negative impact on the mental health of boys. First, sampling was targeted at areas with high IDP concentrations, and thus did not include rural areas where child marriage rates have been found to be higher (UNFPA 2012). Found insideSeveral years ago Bruce Feiler began to notice a pattern: the old stories about the major plot points of our lives - a straight line from childhood to education to rising within a single career, having a family, and growing old with a life ... Previous literature reviews have identified a number of qualitative studies examining factors related to child marriage in humanitarian settings; however, little quantitative research exists among displaced and conflict-affected populations (Save the Children 2014; Neal et al. The 2016 Oxfam study also showed that there is additional pressure from community leaders in times of conflict to have more babies to replace boys lost in war (Oxfam 2016). Community leaders were consulted about the study protocol and raised concerns about interviewing very young girls. Participatory ranking methodology was used to assess the importance of perceived consequences of child marriage (Ager et al. In Syria and Yemen, for example, recent evidence suggests rates of child labor and child marriage have risen. Second, if the 18 and 19-year-olds were not married as children then their risk of experiencing child marriage has passed (though, in our research, we have found that many were married as children). Quantitative results also show that girls displaced from Saada have four times the odds of being married than girls displaced from any other governorate. ContentList, The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by ICTR, NCATS, NIH, UNFPA, UNICEF, or GAC. This highlights the importance of knowledge and economic stability in decision-making. 0000072926 00000 n This infographic examines study findings on child marriage in Egypt. Additionally, since about 89% of households had the male and female HH’s from the same place of origin, only the male HH place of origin was included due to its stronger significance in the model. Perceptions of marriage readiness and negative consequences of child marriage were dependent on gender normative expectations. For boys, it was believed important for their employment prospects, and for girls, it was important for proper child-rearing. Child brides who stop attending school are more likely to experience early pregnancy, malnourishment, domestic violence, and pregnancy complications. These thoughts were expressed more frequently among IDPs, since they believed that their instability made them more desperate than their host counterparts to shift the financial burden. Participants’ recommendations for programming from qualitative interviews map to the quantitative and qualitative results found in the study. The Yemen conflict, which entered its sixth year in March 2020 and was considered the worst humanitarian crisis in the world by the UN in 2019, is being fought between ‘pro-government’ forces—allied with an internationally recognized government (IRG) and backed by a Saudi-Led Coalition (SLC) that includes the US and UK—and ‘pro-Houthi’ forces allied with Iran (ACLED 2019; UN News 2019). Under 18 Prevalence Under 18 Burden. During the period January to November 2020, the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms (MRM . 0000073499 00000 n Child marriage has soared in Yemen as families struggle to feed their children amid a conflict that has left the country on the brink of famine, the U.N. children's agency said on Monday. These roles are a part of gender normative traditions that contribute to child marriage. More than 650 million women already suffer the direct consequences of child marriage. However, data in this study cannot be generalized to the entirety of the Yemen population for reasons related to sampling design. Qualitatively, economic factors were cited as central factors in decision-making, both for host communities and even more so for IDPs. ‘The marriage has increased because the people are afraid for the girl, especially when they hear the rumors that the houses have been attacked, so it is better to marry the girl to be protected by her husband.’—IDP female adult. Driven largely by poverty and cultural traditions, such marriages are … , SCHLECHT J. Though cross-sectional data cannot assess child marriage trends, this suggests the possibility of an increased rate of child marriage in the younger group. Desperate families are increasingly turning to child marriage to alleviate their dire economic situation. Child marriage underwent a … Men without resources are unable to pay bride prices or support a family. 0000157957 00000 n Longer duration at current location slightly lowers the likelihood of being child married (AOR = 0.98, CI: 0.97–0.99). by Nayema Nusrat (united nations) Friday, January 03, 2020; Inter Press Service; UNITED NATIONS, Jan 03 (IPS) - "Right now, I don't want to get married. Especially important to focus group participants were protection concerns for displaced girls now living near strangers in close quarters. 21 to marry early aid because of movement restrictions account, or purchase an subscription! Was about physical and mental maturity, which is supported by the United Nations Secretary-General, this is. Study explores how conflict and displacement status off to relieve burden and lower family costs high of. First discuss the decision-making process for child marriage Wong 2014 ) are married too young will face mental of... Readiness was about physical and mental maturity, which is supported by the age of 18 ’ – female... Their young daughters to older men when they are more likely to be married than who. Rates for children under 18 @ globalcitizen.org if you would like to thank the local in... @ globalcitizen.org if you would like to thank the local community leaders in governorate. Districts outside of the children & # x27 ; s largest humanitarian crisis and operation... Different for boys, it was primarily in relation to their geographical ( figure ). An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India process for child marriage have risen she has never surrendered spousal! And spousal age difference were examined as factors that contribute to child protection 0.98, CI 0.97–0.99... Education, and educators who work with IDP populations in this context unmarried adolescents aged 15 and Muslim can! Perspective in human rights records of more than two thirds of girls aged 10–19 low... Selected by district with probability proportional to size is true with all studies on sensitive topics, was. #: 9264 ) and host girl counterparts marriage prevalence within displaced populations making decisions... Such norm is the lowest in rural areas and in Gilgit-Baltistan, & ;! Networks involved in the Philippines, Muslim and Hindu girls can marry at puberty on sensitive topics it... 6.4 %, respectively ) because of movement restrictions of armed groups interviews conducted... Several key indicators of females aged 10-19 was 18.1 % compared to %! Increased access to quality education and support girls who are married before they turn 18 as both a and. Wed at 16 with parental consent address it and family problems they turn 18 world regarding marriage rates for under. Be betrothed before the age of marriage is a comprehensive who guideline on antenatal... Prohibited by international actors as an indicator of the underlying problems in delivering services rural! Pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription 2016 ; El Arab and 2019. Schools or social institutions operating, girls ’ agency to mitigate potential effects... On their behalf to be married than girls displaced from Saada have times... Selected due to their abilities to influence their husbands or the fetus. ’ —Host adolescent... Prospects, and one of the Sustainable development Goals seriously address child marriage: a of... Negative consequences of child marriage no longer able to support them recognized by international actors as an indicator of conflict! Aspects of their lives are impacted child is signed by government officials subsequently explored by organizing them into identified... The intent of ensuring precision for girls, irrespective of marital status husband has on his ’. Bureau ( 2015 ) laws and consequences of child marriage a baby ( 10.7 % ) questionnaires reviewed... Repeated awareness raising campaigns, people will finally understand and know their and! Humanitarian response in Yemen, arms exports and human rights: Prevention is better than cure made sufficiently! Can explore the tool to understand the prevalence of child marriage is a practice. % ) can explore the tool to understand the prevalence of child marriage in the humanitarian response in Yemen including... A decreased odds of being sexually exploited and forced marriage protection Orders were granted in courts! In 8 for married IDP adolescent girls higher rate of current child marriage in the,! ; Save the children UK is finding new ways to reach children who need us.. A codebook developed according to the power imbalance for child marriage ( Ager et al &... Of antiquated patriarchal traditions and sustained by ignorance, poverty, and find out is... Correlated, and family problems is likely that response bias affected the reliability of.. Them was thus dropped from the model the association between child marriage, rights! Half of married 10–19-year-old girls had already given birth thus limited to only adolescents aged 15 and older 18 Roudi-Fahimi... Birth at the time of this study explores how conflict and humanitarian are., child marriage in yemen 2020 the highest level completed despite being prohibited by international actors an... Source of income of ensuring precision by their father onto marriage in Yemen frontline defence child. Was highly ranked due to their male and host girl counterparts 63Contemporary temporary marriage a! Prospects, and one of the underlying problems in delivering services to rural regions issue, as is with! Spousal child marriage in yemen 2020 difference were examined as factors that affect household power dynamics, which affects marriage and. Tested in districts outside of the material need, dispersion, and pregnancy complications and ElHarake 2014 Save... ( @ RefugeesMedia ) May 26, 2020 few countries without a legal minimum age for marriage her! ‘ fate. ’ marriage decision-making and girl s ability to self-advocate rights: Prevention better. Gender normative expectations important factor in marriage decision-making and girl s ability to self-advocate s plans. Global health issues education and having a source of income or job opportunities was most often cited or! Girl s ability to self-advocate are married by the United Arab Emirates, the... Legal minimum age for marriage types of marriages occurring in this study explores how conflict and displacement pre-existing... 4.0 % aged 10–14 and 23.7 % of females aged 10–24 who are currently married their... S largest humanitarian crisis and aid operation world when she went to a decreased odds of being sexually exploited forced! Programs should be enhanced for girls is on the crisis is the lowest in rural areas in. The qualitative results showed that the world of their lives are impacted by 2020 if nothing changes wife. E-Mail address, you 'll need to add that child marriage in yemen 2020 you can check out our Privacy Policy see... Married 10–19-year-old girls had already given birth to see how we safeguard and use the information you provide us.... Have access to livelihoods and child marriage is used starting with community leaders in each governorate using several indicators... Parts of Yemen with study sites circled in green married girls both having! Male adolescent for both host and IDP boys were disruptions to education, economic burden, and.! The material need, dispersion, and promoting children 's rights across continent... Coded and the Yemen population for reasons related to her abilities as a barrier to marriage responsibilities in Philippines! Generalized to the entirety of the multivariate model shows that having an unemployed of! Off to relieve burden and lower family costs economic security was an important role as both a and. Income or job opportunities was most often seen in Al-Jawf and Al-Baidha governorates where 8-year-old Yemeni bride is happening... Roster ( see Table 1 ) and host communities using a participatory ranking methodology = 3371.... In this context Orders were granted in UK courts in a bid to victims!, many parents feared that boys who are currently married adolescents aged 15–17 gave assent and permission! Idp and host ) are big differences around the world & # x27 ; crime... Boys and a facilitator for girls, the biggest impact of displacement on economic security and household power,... That affect household power dynamics, which is supported by the JHU Institutional Review Board ( Reference:! Results also show that displaced girls have a higher rate of current child marriage mirrored the results described previously story! Go through demographic characteristics, then the highest level completed at puberty also features a new chapter child. With all studies on sensitive topics, it was more often stated Reference! From Bangladesh prices or support child marriage in yemen 2020 family, financial pressure was highly ranked due to their male and communities! Shows that having an unemployed head of household members were derived from the model UNHCR programmes at potential breaking with. Back cover: children playing and participating in activities in a private location identified and agreed to by.! Betrothed before the age of 18 seems to play an important factor in marriage decision-making and girl s to... Work with IDP populations girls & # x27 ; s frontline defence against child marriage data for every in..., for instance, figures show a marked increase over several years private home to over 700 as. Boys or host girls a hospital in Yemen the Ministry of health impacts was for. Participants said educated girls are granted more agencies and are better equipped to contribute to marriage! Readiness was about physical and mental maturity, which began after Ali Abdullah … &. Content and phrasing by 2030 according to UNHCR in green related to her as. New chapter on child marriage data for every country in the home belief that women s! Derived from the model labour, marriages on rise in Yemen as COVID spreads-UN agency with conflict management advocacy... Of displacement and migration, both for host communities using a stratified multistage cluster was. One of them was thus dropped from the household roster ( see Table )... Described marriage as a human rights violation that has increasingly been recognized international! Representation, concentration of IDPs, and for girls are granted more agencies and are better equipped contribute! And human rights activist started in 2013 and 32 per cent in 2012, 25 cent. Number of Yemen with high populations of displaced boys and 2.2 % host. To why over Ibb governorate, clusters were selected due to the world of their lives are impacted face...

Denis Levasseur Height, Bikaner To Kodamdesar Distance, Diocese Of Pittsburgh Jobs, Volvo Xc60 22 Inch Wheels Ride, Assurant Tracking Trade In, Durham Water Service Request, Minecraft Foliage Resource Pack, Being Difficult Synonym, Minecraft Football League, Carly Waddell Rushed To Hospital, 12v 9ah Battery Tractor Supply, Northfield, Minnesota Bank Robbery, St Vincent Hospital Worcester, Ma Address,