On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic 1 . Scientists have learned much about physical interventions, non-pharmaceutical interventions, and vaccination success throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. ��_� 2020;24:91–98. Our aims were to use epidemiological data from the UK together with estimates of vaccine efficacy to predict the possible long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 under the planned vaccine … Our single study incudes approximately the same number of subjects as all 16 studies included in a recent systematic review of influenza pandemic beliefs (37). Sandmann FG, Davies NG, Vassall A, Edmunds WJ, Jit M; Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 working group. Cowling BJ, Lam TT-Y, Yen H-L, Poon LLM, Peiris M. Evidence-based options for controlling respiratory virus transmission. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.12.007, 6. (2009) 28:W1066–78. Designing the Safe Reopening of US Towns Through High-Resolution Agent-Based Modeling. Public adoption of NPIs may also be region-specific, as one study demonstrated significant variation in willingness to use NPIs in response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreaks that may be of cultural origin (14). A series of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 were implemented, including social distancing, contact tracking, personal protection, travel … (2020) 2020:2020.2005.2026.20114140. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20114140, 35. Significantly, no pharmaceutical agents are known to be safe and effective at preventing or treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the resulting illness. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3882, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 2. The responses to COVID-19 in China, Hong Kong SAR (China), Japan and the Republic of Korea H1N1 pandemic via social and traditional media: Implications for U.S. health communicators. On univariate logistic regression analyses, NPI adherence was associated with a belief that NPIs would reduce personal risk of developing COVID-19 [OR 3.06, 95% CI [1.25, 7.48], p = 0.014] and with a belief that the NPIs were not difficult to perform [OR 1.79, 95% CI [1.38, 2.31], p < 0.0001]. These data may help inform public health efforts, as a better understanding of the drivers of refusal to engage in NPIs will help tailor messaging appropriately and ideally increase the chances of encouraging behavioral changes that may ultimately result in reduced disease transmission. Results of all figure panels are the mean of 500 simulations that explore the inferred parameter values, and totals are calculated until Jan 1, 2024. Despite this, many government agencies and members of the general public may be resistant to NPI adoption. -. From containment to mitigation of COVID-19 in the US. 2021 Sep 2;17(9):e1009288. J Law Med Ethics. Of several comparable historical episodes, the 1918 Spanish flu may be the most relevant for modelling the current pandemic. Disasters. T-tests and chi-squared tests were seen as appropriate for baseline continuous and categorical variables. Of the 1,020 subjects who were recruited, 1,005 finished the survey, yielding a completion rate of 98.5%. Found insideThis book, first published in 2007, is for the applied researcher performing data analysis using linear and nonlinear regression and multilevel models. Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the UK. doi: 10.7326/M20-0912. Stern A, Cetron M, Markel H. Closing the schools: lessons from the 1918-19 U.S. influenza pandemic. 11. We sought to understand public attitudes and beliefs regarding various NPIs and self-reported adoption of NPIs, and to explore associations between NPI performance and the baseline characteristics of respondents. The susceptible population for these infections will increase while NPIs are in place. (2017) 114:4023. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1616438114, 16. Found inside – Page iThis book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings. (2017) 23. doi: 10.3201/eid2311.171231, 10. 2021 Oct;29:104731. doi: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104731. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, reduce not only COVID-19 cases but also other circulating infections such as influenza and RSV. Keywords: Outbreaks, Health system, COVID-19, Non-pharmaceutical interventions, Health surveillance, De-escalation strategies, Health policy Introduction As of early June 2021, there have been over 170 m cases globally and over 3.7 m deaths attributed to COVID-19, … Baseline responses to survey questions were recorded, and demographic information was self-reported by respondents. Privacy, Help Previous modelling studies have focused on either control by non-pharmaceutical interventions or the optimal deployment of vaccination. Mask wearing and eye protection adherence and perceived efficacy lag behind other NPIs; this may be due to messaging, since at the time the survey was performed no recommendations were in place to encourage mask or face protection by the general public in the US. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.03.005, 37. The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. 12. Med. (2014) 14:589–9. The outbreak containment strategies in China based on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) appear to be effective2, but quantitative research is still needed to assess the efficacy of NPIs and their timings3. Beyond the Turk: Alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, reduce not only COVID-19 cases but also other circulating infections such as influenza and RSV. Pan et al. Since modern NPIs were adopted over a century ago during the 1918–1919 flu pandemic, much of the public debate has remained unchanged, centering on the efficacy and burdensomeness of NPIs, and their potential for broader effects on morale and economic stability (3, 4). Scheduling and impact of vaccine uptake (A) Assumed vaccine uptake over time, showing…, Predicted daily deaths from COVID-19 in the UK after the start of an…, Characterisation of disease dynamics in terms of vaccine status as a function of…, MeSH Interpretation: doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2006.00088.x, 30. 2021 May 13;373:n1088. Improve web and mail services to limit traffic at public service locations. A report containing only the details on the estimation of the economic costs of social distancing policies outlined here is available at www.rand.org/t/RRA173-1. 3 0 obj However, to our knowledge, a combined analysis of a realistic vaccination programme together with (C, D) The total effect (cumulative deaths) of different patterns of releasing NPIs. An improved understanding of the drivers of refusal to engage in NPIs may help tailor messaging and increase the chances of eliciting behavioral change. in mortality or progression to severe COVID-19 in a randomized clinical trial among participants with moderate COVID-19 in India. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.07.010, 20. Respondents were rewarded with a small payment (

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