https://libguides.mnhs.org/northfieldraid. Bunker seized the opportunity and made a dash through the back door. For this, they wore Ku Klux Klan masks. Get out here!�. Wheeler, the sniper, meanwhile had spotted Clell, understandably still in his screaming rampage. Just then, Bob came out of his hiding spot and called out, �Don�t leave me Boys! Stacy had been given a shotgun by J. S. Allen at the beginning of the foray, and, during the confusion, Allen had accidentally loaded it with light-birdshot. The film purports to recreates the James-Younger Gang's most infamous escapade, the September 7, 1876, robbery of "the biggest bank west of the Mississippi" in Northfield, Minnesota. Bob Ford operated a tent saloon in Creede, Colorado. "[40][41], Many residents were outraged by the raid on the family home. As they left, one shot the unarmed cashier Heywood in the head. The guerrillas also ambushed and defeated a pursuing regiment of Major A. V. E. Johnson's Union troops, killing all who tried to surrender, who numbered more than 100. Both groups arrived in Minnesota sometime in mid-August 1876. He then turned to remount his horse, and as he did so, a citizen named Elias Stacy spotted him from a few yards away. [8] Aside from slavery, the culture of Little Dixie was Southern in other ways as well. His father, Robert S. James, farmed commercial hemp in Kentucky and was a Baptist minister before coming to Missouri. Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847 - April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla, and leader of the James-Younger Gang.Raised in the "Little Dixie" area of western Missouri, James and his family maintained strong Southern sympathies.He and his brother Frank James joined pro-Confederate guerrillas known as "bushwhackers" operating in Missouri and Kansas . [34] They robbed banks, stagecoaches, and a fair in Kansas City, often carrying out their crimes in front of crowds, and even hamming it up for the bystanders. [93], American outlaw, confederate guerrilla, and train robber, Old Campsite of Jesse and Frank James: US 380, approximately 5 miles east of Decatur: Texas marker #3700 –. Nels says he's spent years researching the James gang and their exploits. Cole, meanwhile, rode by in front of Anselm Manning and ended up taking a slug in the side of his left shoulder from Manning�s rifle. [63] Later, the Ford brothers starred in a touring stage show in which they re-enacted the shooting. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Together with Edwards's admiring editorials, the letters helped James become a symbol of Confederate defiance of federal Reconstruction policy. One of the members, Bill Chadwell, suggested the idea, since he was from Minnesota and stated that he could get the gang . Just before two o�clock, Cole and Clell rode across the bridge towards the square. [11], These men were the likely culprits in the first daylight armed bank robbery in the United States during peacetime,[20] the robbery of the Clay County Savings Association in the town of Liberty, Missouri, on February 13, 1866. It has inspired endless speculation and multiple theories of the sequence of events and who actually participated. At the end of the Civil War, Missouri remained deeply divided. Cole, Jim and Bob Younger were all captured and sent to prison in the aftermath of that fiasco, which had also cost the lives of Pitts, Chadwell and Miller. Heywood replied that Jesse would have to slit his throat, since he couldn�t open it. The City of Northfield is holding an informational meeting on Wednesday, September 15 from 3 to 4:30 p.m. at City Hall to share and receive input from property owners and anyone impacted by the Cannon River flooding in 2010 and 2016. At first, it seemed that the gang was actually overtaking the citizens, but the situation quickly flipped. Nearing the exit of the town, another volley of shots was fired at Cole and Bob. The approach of the American Civil War loomed large in the James–Samuel household. The biggest take was $14,000 at a Kentucky bank in 1868, followed by only $700 in Missouri the following year. After they arrived in Clay County, 16-year-old Jesse James joined his brother in Taylor's group. Frank later identified Jesse as a member of the band who had fatally shot Major Johnson. The gang had been planning for weeks to rob a bank somewhere in the state of Minnesota. During the robbery of the Northfield, Minnesota First National Bank, the bank cashier Joseph Lee Heywood stalled the gang's robbery by disobeying their demands. Found insideAcclaimed writing pair Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle offer a new twist on Dante's classic tale, Inferno. As followers of William Quantrill and "Bloody Bill" Anderson, they were accused of committing atrocities against Union soldiers and civilian abolitionists, including the Centralia Massacre in 1864. The . Once Frank was outside, Jesse mounted his horse, and Frank did the same. However, Cole continued to ride, not turning back. 1879). The bank targeted was the First National Bank of Northfield. Festivities include telling Jesse James's history in stories and by reenactments of stagecoach holdups. In1881, the brothers with Wood, Clarence Hite, and Dick Liddil, robbed a Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad owned train at Winston, Missouri, of $650 . [14] Others have argued that Jesse was at the time still bedridden with his wound and could not have participated. Not being able to do this, he took cover under an outside, wooden staircase located on the side of the Lee & Hitchcock Dry Goods Store. Some of the neo-Confederate movement regard him as a hero. They had buried stolen gold which they planned to retrieve, but they were all killed before this could happen. Museums and sites devoted to Jesse James: The Defeat of Jesse James Days in Northfield, Minnesota, is among the largest outdoor celebrations in the state. James moved his family to St. Joseph, Missouri, in November 1881, not far from where he had been born and reared. Attempting a bold daytime robbery of the Northfield Minnesota bank, the James-Younger gang suddenly finds itself surrounded by angry townspeople and is nearly wiped out on September 7, 1876. While they later tried to justify robbing the banks, most of their targets were small, local banks based on local capital, and the robberies only penalized the locals they claimed to support. Revised by Katie Jean Davey To carry out the robbery, the gang divided into two groups. The Youngers were eventually captured at Madelia, Minnesota, in another gun battle, in which gang member Charlie Pitts was killed. The report, prepared by Anne C. Stone, Ph.D., James E. Starrs, L.L.M., and Mark Stoneking, Ph.D., confirmed the mtDNA recovered from the remains was consistent with the mtDNA of one of James's relatives in the female line. Crowds pressed into the little house in St. Joseph to see the dead bandit. The birdshot peppered Clell�s face, tearing holes throughout it, puncturing his left eye, and leaving pieces of skin and streams of blood running down his face. He fell ill and returned home soon afterward. Northfield Bank Robbery of 1876 Selected Manuscript Collections. At one o�clock, Jesse, Frank, and Bob rode across the bridge and towards the town square. You bet. The bank is cleary visible near the center of the photo. As Frank began to enter the vault, Heywood made a dash from Jesse and threw his weight into the safe door, attempting to lock Frank in it. There would be only two more weeks, to the day, of the James-Younger Gang�s existence. Inside the bank, Jesse approached Heywood, still lying dazed on the bank floor. Also in 1960, an episode of Bronco, "Shadow of Jesse James", told the story of the Northfield Bank Robbery. Carleton College, St. Olaf College, and the Laura Baker School for retarded children are in the city. The James brothers then joined the bushwhacker group led by William "Bloody Bill" Anderson. Unlike this fictional depiction, Younger served his prison time in Stillwater, Minnesota, not in Denver. One other citizen was wounded, and five out of the six surviving robbers were injured. Cole, Bob, and Jim Younger and . Clell immediately walked to the bank�s front door and shut it. Explores the legacy of a Civil War-era secret society, the Knights of the Golden Circle, and describes efforts to crack the society's system of codes and symbols to identify hidden treasure sites across the American south and west. Both groups began prospecting many small towns, to see which one would contain the best bank to rob. In a gunfight, Pitts died and the Youngers were taken prisoner. It would be the biggest mistake of Clell�s life by not killing him when he had the chance. Frank also volunteered to go inside. It was the first time he was publicly labeled an "outlaw"; Missouri Governor Thomas T. Crittenden set a reward for his capture. Here you have a man who travels almost 500 miles from Minnesota back to Missouri. (Incudes digital version of Younger case files), A Chronology of Selected Newspaper Accounts Relating to the Attempted Bank Robbery at Northfield, Minnesota, September 1876. , index cards compiled by Terry Nordenstrom. When they left, they had no idea what town they would rob a bank in. [4] Clay County in particular was strongly influenced by the Southern culture of its rural pioneer families. The gang consisted of Jesse and Frank James and Jim, John, Bob and Cole Younger.Jesse, Frank, Jim and Cole were in the " Quantrills guerrilla gang" that attacked the town of Lawrence on August 21, 1863 with 448 riders . Recreates the lives, exploits, and daring adventures of the legendary outlaws, Frank and Jesse James [53] Although Charley had been out on raids with James, Bob Ford was an eager new recruit. But the new gang was not made up of battle-hardened guerrillas; they soon turned against each other or were captured. He aimed, then fired. If you’re ready to stop getting stuck in the same hurtful relationship patterns and finally break the cycle of heartache, this book can show you how to get the love you deserve—and keep it! The 1994 movie Frank and Jesse depicts the James-Younger gangs outlaw days (with Randy Travis playing . He served 25 years in prison at Stillwater, Minnesota for his part in the Northfield, Minnesota bank robbery on September 7, 1876. The gang attempted to rob the bank in Northfield about 2 p.m. on September 7, 1876. Heaton Bowman Funeral Home, 36th Street and Frederick Avenue. He grabbed the gun, loaded it, and placed himself in a strategic position in one of the upper-story windows overlooking the siege. This weekend Northfield celebrates the famous 1876 shootout between townsfolk and one of history's most notorious outlaws, Jesse James. Shortly after beginning his charge down Division Street, Frank took a bullet in the right leg. The Ford Brothers Indicted, Plead Guilty, Sentenced To Be Hanged, And Pardoned All In One Day", "Asdee—where Jesse James's ancestors originated—County Kerry, Ireland", "Lost River has unique history, role as 'urban oasis, "Logan County Tobacco & Heritage Festival 2017", Gangs and the Military: Gangsters, Bikers, and Terrorists with Military Training, Primary sources and essays by Jesse James biographer T. J. Stiles, Official website for the Family of Jesse James, A 1901 newspaper interview with the Younger brothers, Death of Jesse James with pictures from the National Archives and Library of Congress, Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford), Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesse_James&oldid=1043798449#Downfall_of_the_gang, People of Missouri in the American Civil War, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009, Articles prone to spam from September 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Jesse James Bank Museum, on the square in, First National Bank of Northfield: The Northfield Historical Society in. MNHS call number: Microfilm 576. Shortly thereafter, Jim, Charlie, and Bill rode up to the bridge and merely stayed there, mounted on their horses. He knelt down in front of Heywood and pulled a small pocket knife out of his pocket, then placed it to the upper section of Heywood�s neck. None of James's biographers accepted them as plausible. The county counted more slaveholders and more slaves than most other regions of the state; in Missouri as a whole, slaves accounted for only 10 percent of the population, but in Clay County, they constituted 25 percent. Robert Ford wired the governor to claim his reward. A bitter conflict ensued, resulting in an escalating cycle of atrocities committed by both sides. At this time, precisely two in the afternoon, Jesse, Frank, and Bob entered the First National Bank of Northfield. Historians agree on that much. The First National Bank building in Northfield, site of the attempted robbery. As the two brothers met up, a volley of shots was fired their way. [14] At the age of 17, Jesse suffered the second of two life-threatening chest wounds when he was shot while trying to surrender after they ran into a Union cavalry patrol near Lexington, Missouri.[16][17]. They�re robbing the bank!� Wheeler, meanwhile, also began running around and shouting, �Robbery! Russellville, Kentucky, the site of the robbery of the Southern Bank in 1868, holds a reenactment of the robbery every year as of the Logan County Tobacco and Heritage Festival. The implication that the chief executive of Missouri conspired to kill a private citizen startled the public and added to James's notoriety. Displaced by Reconstruction, the antebellum political leadership mythologized the James Gang exploits. Original materials, records, and newspapers on microfilm are available on site and reference staff can help with research. The Republican-dominated Reconstruction legislature passed a new state constitution that freed Missouri's slaves. Three men entered the bank, two guarded the door outside, and three remained near a bridge across an adjacent square. One bullet hit Bob in the left leg and he stumbled. The hardware/gun store of Anselm R. Manning is the last completely seen building on the right of the photo. The only known civil case involving Frank and Jesse James was filed in the Common Pleas Court of Daviess County in 1870. [70] His story did not hold up to questioning from James's surviving relatives.[71]. Frank and Jesse failed to appear in court, and Smoote won his case against them. The gunfight. Manhunt and the Grand Finale to the James-Younger Gang, Acting Cashier Joseph Lee Heywood---killed. He winced in pain, but managed to pull himself up on his horse and make another charge. At this point, one of the gang shouted out, �It�s no use Boys! Henry Wheeler, meanwhile, ran to the Dampier Hotel, located across the street from the bank. [68], J. Frank Dalton claimed to be Jesse James; he died August 15, 1951, in Granbury, Texas. The Governor of Colorado pardoned him on October 3, 1902.[66]. Ames was a stockholder in the bank, but Butler had no direct connection to it. After Clell�s first shot, Cole and he mounted their respective horses and began charging up and down the streets, yelling �Get in! 142 people were killed in the ensuing Lawrence massacre. For protection, James asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. Get in!� and shooting their guns in the sky, through windows, and over people�s head. The trio sat on a few crates outside of the store and casually waited for Cole and Clell to appear coming across the bridge. The slug hit Bob squarely in the right elbow, shattering it and crippling his arm for the rest of his life. The governor had offered rewards higher than the new limit only on Frank and Jesse James. With this gun and pockets full of cartridges, he ran to the street, searching for a target. During the robbery of the Northfield, Minnesota First National Bank, the bank cashier Joseph Lee Heywood stalled the gang's robbery by disobeying their demands. The Dampier Hotel, where Henry M. Wheeler fired on the outlaws from his sniper's position, is off camera, but would be located across from the bank. Directed by Walter Hill, the film is notable for the casting of 4 families of actors including the Carradines (David Carradine, Keith Carradine, and Robert Carradine), the Quaids (Randy Quaid and Dennis Quaid), the Keaches (James Keach and Stacy Keach), and the Guests (Nicholas Guest and Christopher . They tortured Reuben Samuel by briefly hanging him from a tree. During the gang's escape from the town, an innocent bystander, 17-year-old George C. "Jolly" Wymore, a student at William Jewell College, was shot dead on the street.[21]. Stacy, not knowing this, took aim and fired at Clell�s head. It is also said that the gang burnt down 14 Rice County mills just shortly after the robbery. (The following year, the actor would co-star in The Long Riders, about Jesse James's bank robbery attempt in Northfield, Minnesota, which similarly led to destruction of his gang.) According to the National Park Service, Jesse James has a historical connection to Mammoth Cave National Park, having reportedly occupied some of the cave's inner areas during his escapes from the law, and having committed a stage coach robbery between Cave City and Mammoth Cave. Some filmmakers portrayed the former outlaw as a revenger, replacing "social with exclusively personal motives. That Northfield trip actually was the end of the gang, because the robbery was foiled, and most of them were killed or captured," Nes shared. In a matter of seconds, Division Street became a shooting gallery, with bullets flying and zipping in every direction from every possible location. [88] It is held annually in September during the weekend after Labor Day. Frank and Jesse James is a complete account of the James brothers during the Civil War, the following sixteen years of notoriety, and the lives of those who outlived Jesse. Jesse, Frank, and Bob immediately pulled their guns and aimed them at the three bank employees. Thomas T. Crittenden offered a $10,000 reward for their capture, dead or alive. Cole walked his horse to the middle of the street in front of the bank and pretended to be adjusting the girth on his saddle. Shortly thereafter, Hobbs Kerry was arrested and gave up the names of his accomplices in the robbery. Help!� Bob, meanwhile, returned to the bank and helped Frank guard Wilcox. (see 1959 note about Dallas Haas below) Instead of confronting them, James walked across the living room and laid his revolvers on a sofa. He ran passed the bank door again and yelled inside, �They�re killing our men! Life Before the civil war. The James-Younger Gang met a violent end when it attempted to rob the First National Bank of Northfield in Minnesota. Frank followed Quantrill into Kentucky, while Jesse went to Texas under the command of Archie Clement, one of Anderson's lieutenants. O'Kelley was sentenced to life in prison, but his sentence was subsequently commuted because of a 7,000-signature petition in favor of his release, as well as a medical condition. This student later became Dr. Henry Wheeler of Grand Forks, N. D. He shot one of the bandits during the street fight which followed the attempted robbery, and in later years Dr . Ames, screamed for him to shoot. [12][13] Frank followed Quantrill to Sherman, Texas, over the winter of 1863–1864. The conflict split the population into three bitterly opposed factions: anti-slavery Unionists identified with the Republican Party; segregationist conservative Unionists identified with the Democratic Party; and pro-slavery, ex-Confederate secessionists, many of whom were also allied with the Democrats, especially in the southern part of the state. Though ordered to move South beyond Union lines, they moved north across the nearby state border into Nebraska Territory. Shortly afterward, the state militia shot Clement dead. The biggest take was $14,000 at a Kentucky bank in 1868, followed by only $700 in Missouri the following year. What he chose to use was his personal breech-loading rifle. In 1877, Frank (John Pearce) and Jesse James (Robert Duvall) are expecting to receive amnesty from the state of Missouri for all their previous crimes. and Clell Miller (R.G. [60][61][62], After receiving a small portion of the reward, the Fords fled Missouri. In this book, the author uses Heywood's actual military and medical records to trace the course and context of his life during the Civil War, notes his heritage, examines his decision-making during the robbery, and draws a psychological ... If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. This robbery caused a manhunt and only James brothers were left alive and were on a run at the end of everything. This influenced how the population acted during and for a period of time after the war. Robert traveled to California during the Gold Rush to minister to those searching for gold;[4] he died there when James was three years old. [72] During his lifetime, James was celebrated chiefly by former Confederates, to whom he appealed directly in his letters to the press. Assistant cashier Alonzo Enos Bunker was wounded in the shoulder as he fled through the back door of the bank. The annual Victorian Festival in Jersey County, Illinois, is held on Labor Day weekend[91] at the 1866 Col. William H. Fulkerson estate Hazel Dell. Found insideThis is the stuff of myth—rascally and cautionary by turns—yet true in every searing, diverting, and brilliantly recalled detail. Frank and Jesse (1994) depicts the James-Younger Gang's outlaw days, with Randy Travis playing Cole. He stopped only for a moment in pain, then continued on out of town behind Jesse and Frank. The Ford brothers surrendered to the authorities and were dismayed to be charged with first-degree murder. Bob then wrapped his left arm around Cole�s waist and, with Cole holding his horse�s main, took off after Jesse, Frank, Jim, and Charlie. Jim Younger rode his horse beneath the upper windows of the Dampier Hotel, with Henry Wheeler clearly seeing him. [46] The James brothers eventually split from the others and escaped to Missouri. Then they went to robbing trains. A journey through time. Many people from Missouri migrated to Kansas to try to influence its future. Found insideThe exciting stories in this volume include the heroic actions by law enforcement to bring bandits, thieves, and murderers to justice, from �Black-faced Charley� Bryant to Bonnie and Clyde. [89], Jesse James's boyhood home in Kearney, Missouri, is operated as a museum dedicated to the town's most famous resident. Confederate guerrillas murdered civilian Unionists, executed prisoners, and scalped the dead. Heywood finally told him that there was a chronometer (time lock) on the safe and it could not be opened for any reason. He took careful aim and fired a slug right through Jim�s left shoulder. Robert Ford drew his weapon and shot the unarmed Jesse James in the back of the head. the Kansas Pacific, was a real rail line that connected . "" It let them ""draw on an adversary while he was waiting for the familiar motion toward the hip."" Here are the real stories of 23 outlaws, gunfighters, and lawmen. The truth may surprise you. Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla, and leader of the James–Younger Gang. A short while later, Cole and Clell would enter town, and at that point Jesse and the others would enter the bank. Dyer, Robert. Don�t any of you holler. Then, after several more seconds, he finally fired, and his aim could not have been more true. At this point, all gunfire was focused on Cole and Bob. Scale 54 mm Oran Baker, Hood County Sheriff, conducted a visual post-mortem exam and found he had thirty-two bullet wounds and a rope burn around his neck. After the bank had been robbed, all three groups would unite at the bridge. Jesse Woodson James was born on September 5, 1847, in Clay County, Missouri, near the site of present-day Kearney. By this time, the Klan had been suppressed in the South by President Grant's use of the Enforcement Acts. The Great Northfield Raid Revisited. The Younger Brothers: After the Attempted Robbery , a podcast by the Minnesota Historical Society on the Younger Brothers' time in Stillwater State Prison. [14], As a result of the James brothers' activities, Union military authorities forced their family to leave Clay County. Reference Librarian. Reaching his body, he dismounted and, using his horse for cover, knelt to examine Clell. At this point, Cole quickly rode by the front door of the bank and shouted inside �Hurry up! MNHS call number: Digital Finding Aid (Incudes digital version of Younger case files). When the townspeople were alerted they attacked the robbers, defending their town and their savings. The Story of Cole Younger, by Himself. Jesse raced after him. In 1870 and 1871 he was deputy sheriff of Dallas County, Texas. and their bandit gang attempted a (failed) bank robbery there, which resulted in the deaths of two Northfield citizens. The two began taking potshots at each other, but somehow not a single bullet either of them fired reached its mark. Kentucky prison. Allen walked merely a few feet before he began running and shouting �Get your guns boys! Meanwhile, the citizens of Northfield grew suspicious of the men guarding the door and raised the alarm. The Northfield Bank Robbery of 1876 was the beginning of the end for the gang. The five bandits outside fired into the air to clear the streets, driving the townspeople to take cover and fire back from protected positions. [11] Allowed to vote and hold office again, former Confederates in the legislature voted to limit the size of rewards the governor could offer for fugitives. The James-Younger Gang was a notable 19th-century gang of American outlaws that included Jesse James.. James's turn to crime after the end of the Reconstruction era helped cement his place in American life and memory as a simple but remarkably effective bandit. Barred by law from offering a large reward, he had turned to the railroad and express corporations to put up a $5,000 bounty for the delivery of each of them and an additional $5,000 for the conviction of either of them. It was at this point that Manning noticed the three horses that were tethered to the post in front of the bank. James wrote about this death with bitterness a decade later.[21][22]. [15], After "Bloody Bill" Anderson was killed in an ambush in October, the James brothers separated.
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